HOW PROFITABLE SUKUMA WIKI FARMING BUSINESS IN KENYA

1 acre of Sukuma wiki can yield between 8,000 – 24,000 kilos of leaf during a growth period of 9 months.”

Now suppose you sell a kilo of Sukuma-wiki at Ksh.30 at the farm gate you earn a gross income of Kenya shillings Ksh.240,000 to Ksh.720,000.

The above yield projections sound Too Good to be True?

They are not.

Just ask Angote.

The daily Nation ran his story of how he earns thousands of shillings from Kale farming.

Here below is his story.

The green leafy sukuma wiki (collard greens) plants stand about half a metre high and sway as the wind blows in Munango village, Vihiga County.

Christopher Angote, the owner of the farm, grows about 30,000 plants on his two acres. He spaces them 30cm from one crop to another and 60cm from one row to another.

A section of the farm hosts various traditional vegetables plants such as black nightshade (managu) and cowpeas (kunde).

“I have tasted the fruits of sukuma wiki and I can say only those who don’t know can despise it as a money-maker. I grow this crop that is widely consumed round-the-year,” says the former teacher, who has partitioned his farm into nine portions.

Angote, who used to teach biology and agriculture at Holy Cross Emalindi Girls Secondary School, is yet to transplant another 20,000 sukuma wiki seedlings of the Southern Georgia variety.

Vendors pick the vegetables packed in 70 and 90kg bags every Tuesdays and Thursdays for sale.

“I sell a sack at between Sh.2,000 and Sh.4,000, depending on the season, to traders who come to pick them from the farm for sale in Luanda, Ilungu, Chavakali, Mbale, Majengo and Kakamega markets.”

He says in a week, he collects between Sh.20,000 and Sh.36,000 from the about nine sacks he harvests.

“Sukuma wiki is profitable because one harvests for up to five months every week as long as you control pests and apply manure. The crop is easy to grow and manage,” offers Angote, who quit teaching to concentrate on farming.

“I start my planting by buying 1kg of seedlings for Sh.2,000. I then prepare the nursery bed by adding manure in the soil, which I do a month before buying the seeds and planting.”

The crop takes a month in the nursery after which he transplants them and top dresses with DAP fertiliser. They mature in another one month.

When you choose the right variety, you have already succeeded by 50%.

So how do you choose the right Kale variety?

First, you have to know the sukuma wiki varieties in Kenya.

And that is pretty easy because:

There are three popular varieties of Sukuma wiki/kale in Kenya.

1. The “A thousand-headed Sukuma wiki variety”

2. Collards Southern Georgia

3. Collards Mfalme F1.

I have grown ALL the three varieties and can state without blinking, “Collards southern Georgia is the best variety for Kenya.

The collards southern variety yields slightly less yield per acre compared to the “A Thousand Headed Variety” and the Mfalme F1 variety.

However, when you consider a combination of other factors of Collards Southern Georgia Sukuma Wiki, it trumps all the other kale varieties.

For example, Collards Southern Georgia variety produces pleasant dark green leaves.

Its leaves are tough yet tender when cooked—which is an important quality when transporting it over long distances.

The kale variety is also resistant to hot weather and it’s an all zone performer, unlike the others.

Should you maintain your farm well, you can harvest cash from this variety for over 1 year!

From that experience of growing the Collards Southern Georgia variety, I strongly recommend it to any prospective or even experienced farmer.

Use the correct spacing to maximize yield Sukuma wiki/Kale per acre.

This is where I have a problem with many academia.

They often recommend that you space Sukuma wiki at 60 cm X 60 cm.

The problem of adopting this spacing is that you get a plant population of 11,200 plants for 1 acre.

That plant population is too low to get high yields from Sukuma wiki.

Let me tell you why…

When you transplant Sukuma wiki at that spacing, as the growing season progresses, some plants die.

They may die due to pest attack, rotting, or injury as you do your farming operations.

When that happens you will end up having even wider spacing within the plants.

I know you are asking can I replant the spaces with new kale plants?

You could do it, but it’s not worth it.

The older plants tend to suppress the younger plants to the extent they won’t give any economic advantage.

On the other hand, if you adopt a spacing of 15 cm X 40 cm, you get a plant population of 59,000 plants.

The close spacing has several yields boosting advantages

1. You get more plants per acre than the spacing of 60 cmX60 cm. 

2. Should any plants die during the growth period, you will still have an economical plant population left behind—you won’t have big spaces in-between plants.

3. The close spacing helps the plants to form a thick canopy that suppresses weeds and prevents excessive evaporation thus increasing your yield threefold.

Ensure that Organic matter in your Sukuma wiki farm is high to Increase Your Yield per acre of Sukuma wiki.

Sukuma wiki loves well drained soil, rich in organic matter.

Proper drainage is absolutely vital because excessive water leads to:

Yellowing of leaves

Development of phosphorus deficiencies

Thriving of the black rot disease that can exterminate a Sukuma wiki farm in days!

Besides increasing your yield per acre of Sukuma wiki, soil rich in high organic matter well-rotted farmyard manure, compost, and other plants vegetative matter, will make your kale tender, sweet when cooked, and resistant to how weather.

You will see the outcome in the way people will be rushing to place orders.

Once they taste your kale, they will never want to go anywhere else.

Sukuma wiki responds well to fertilizers and foliar feeds thus increase yields significantly.

However, the extended use of such fertilizers is detrimental to your kale farm.

Continuous use of fertilizers will make your kale bitter and highly perishable—especially when used in the dry weather.

If possible, use organic matter such as manure and compost in kale production while supplementing them with inorganic fertilizers.

Never make inorganic fertilizers the foundation of your kale production especially in the dry season as that is the recipe for producing bitter kale.

Never Ever Overharvest Your Sukuma Wiki

Never overharvest your sukuma wiki if you want your Sukuma wiki to Produce High yields consistently.

Let me explain:

During the dry season, kale is often in short supply.

What is available is usually bitter and tough when cooked.

For that reason, sukuma wiki buyers wander to and fro looking for good sources of sweet kale. These buyers are OFTEN ready to buy GOOD, SWEET Sukuma wiki at Top prices.

Farmers, therefore, are tempted to overharvest their kale farm in a bid to make an extra coin.

Never do that. Don’t do it even if you are offered money.

If you do it, your earnings will be short-lived.

Why?

You will over-stress the plants.

The plants are already overstressed due to the heat and drought. When you add overharvesting, the plant will be truly stressed to regenerate new growth faster.

The recommended harvest rate is 3-5 leaves per plant starting with the bigger bottom leaves.

If the plant exhibits luxurious growth, (during the rainy season) you can harvest more than 5 leaves.

When it’s too dry you may have to harvest 3 leaves per plant.

One last precaution about harvesting…

Never harvest the young tender leaves that are near the top.

Start with the mature lower leaves.

If you harvest the young top leaves, you will be harvesting tomorrow’s harvest today while leaving today’s harvest to go to waste.

Don’t harvest the same portion daily otherwise you will get poor yields of Sukuma wiki.

If possible, harvest the entire farm once.

After doing that, irrigate it and let it stay for a whole week before you harvest again.

The advantage of doing this is, “You allow the plants time to recover from the stress of harvest.”

If the farm needs weeding, pest control, and other activities, you can do that after you have done the harvesting.

Should you be unable to harvest the whole farm, divide it into blocks.

Harvest each block each day of the week. Once you harvest a block, don’t harvest it again until one week is over.

Irrigate your kale farm regularly. Sukuma wiki loves a Lot of water

To maximize your Sukuma wiki yields, ensure that you irrigate your farm regularly. Without regular irrigation, the vegetables will grow slowly and will be bitter.

The yields that I have mentioned at the beginning of this article will be a pipe dream.

The most preferable time to irrigate is in the evening.

Irrigating at this time is advantages as evaporation is lower, thus you save on water.

The best type of irrigation system for Kale is overhead irrigation.

Though it uses a lot of water, overhead irrigation creates a micro-climate for kale during the hot weather.

The good news about it is that Kale will respond in kind by growing luxuriously.

Finally,

Here is The Secret to Making a Good Return from Kale/sukuma wiki Farming…

Truth be told.

Depending on the weather, prices of agricultural commodities (including sukuma wiki) plummet, or steeply rise.

In Kenya, the price of Sukuma wiki tends to drop in the rainy season, and rise in the dry season.

The secret therefore, for profiting from Sukuma wiki is targeting dry weather when it is in short supply.

There are times when the price of kale UNBELIEVABLY skyrockets to Ksh.2,000 shillings or more for a 50 kilo bag.

Can you imagine what sukuma wiki farmers earn during those times?

Life and expectancy in men

 

Most Kenyans, especially men are car enthusiasts.

The care and attention they pay to their cars is amazing. They even know which car wash leaves their ride in a spic and span state. 

They'll know the difference between a mechanic and a makanika.

They'll know when their car is making a strange noise and pop it in promptly for examination. 

The human body is the best design that ever was. Even the sleekest German design does not come anywhere near the synchronised symphony that is the wonder of the human body. 

I am still awed by this body the longer I work with and on it. 

Men's bodies are simple yet tricky. 

They work without much drama, and without much outward signs of wear and tear until the damage accumulates and then all hell breaks lose. 

Men do not even have other indicators of health like menstruation, which for women can serve as an early warning system that something is wrong and they'll see a doctor about it. 

Men do not get pregnant, a process that allows women to get proper medical attention. 

Men do not take regular medications like contraceptives, which are also an opportunity for women to have contact with a healthcare provider.

Even women's magazines like Eve and Parents focus on the nitty gritty of health in women but when you open men's magazines they'll talk about how to choose a good pair of boxers and how to build big muscles like The Wolverine. And then they'll rank the hottest women from 1 to 100.

Men are at a glaring health disadvantage. 

If you are a man over the age of 35, start thinking about a health check each time you take your car in for servicing. 

It will cost you but it is worth it.

Men are being gaslighted by national figures who hide their health issues and even prefer to go abroad for more complex ones. 

We have also normalised sudden death in men and yet nobody dies suddenly. The body sends out early warnings before the major catastrophe. 

Here is a quick checklist:

1. If you cannot take 2 flights of stairs without running out of breath at the top, speak to a health provider. 

2. If you are snoring at night, speak to a health provider.

3. If you can no longer kick a football with your friends without feeling like your heart is about to jump out of your chest after only 15 minutes, speak to a doctor. 

4. If you have changed the size of your trousers twice in one year, and thrice since you finished university, speak to a doctor. 

5. If you cannot do a brisk walk on the level while speaking in full sentences, speak to a doctor.

6. If you do not know your blood pressure, your cholesterol and your blood sugar (also known as HbA1c) speak to a doctor. 

7. If you smoke, stop. Now. This is not a suggestion but an instruction.

8. If you drink more than 2 bottles of beer daily, if you drink until you black out, if you binge drink, if all of your social engagements have alcohol, speak to a doctor.

9. If you cannot remember the last time you took time out to just rest. Not taking annual leave to go and supervise some other project or chase side hustles, I mean just rest. Book 2 weeks off and rest. And switch off the news too during this time. The world will still be on fire when you plug back in. 

10. If you have no plan on when you are going to retire, make that plan now. And make it earlier than the government mandated one if you can. 

11. If you have more lifestyle left at the end of the money each month, start doing aggressive lifestyle shrinking. 

12. Have meat-free days in a week; at least 3. Reduce your carbs while at it. Everything does not need to have ugali and rice. You can have your meat and vegetables and be good to go. 

13. Simplify your life. You do not need that extra car, you do not need that extra wife, you do not need to start that 5th side hustle. You do not need to run for MP. Less is more. 

14. Learn a new skill. Eg learn how to play chess, the rules of cricket,  install Duo Lingo and learn a new language, download Audible and listen to audio books. This keeps your brain cells active and prevents premature dementia.

15. Maintain a healthy weight. Your waist circumference in cm should be less than half of your height in cm. Do not let people butter you up by telling you that you look successful because you've put on weight. You just look out of shape, stuffed in a nice suit.

16. Erectile dysfunction, unless proven otherwise, is an early warning system of cardiovascular disease. The tiny blood vessels in the penile tissue are getting clogged up by cholesterol plaques and soon the big vessels in the heart will follow suit, leading to heart attacks. Do not pop viagra before a doctor has fully assessed the problem, starting with a blood test for testosterone levels. 

17. Get mental health support. Even men cry. Speak to a trained mental health professional even if you think there's nothing wrong with you. You'll be shocked by what a professional can uncover.

18. Define your identity away from your job, your money, and your status. This will protect you from crashing if the status symbols were ever lost. 

19. Forge true friendships and connections. Men on average have fewer friends than women and it negatively impacts them especially after retirement. Loneliness is a significant contributor to early death. 

20. Become close to and befriend your family. Do not overwork to provide material things and ignore the fact that the family wants the gift of you as well. Set the rhythm and the tempo of your family. Ignore gender roles and change the nappies, and sing the babies to bed, rush to the crying child who has fallen and comfort them. It does men a lot of psychological good to provide nurturing too.

21. Ask to be loved and to be supported. Men find it hard to say 'I feel unloved and unsupported by you' to their significant other. Please ask for the love language you understand best. Your partner might think that they are cooking for you and that should be enough. Articulate what else you need and you might find that your partner was equally desperate to know how to love you right. 

22. Take care of your finances in your younger years. Kuchafua meza every weekend will leave your pockets empty. In older age, this will come back to haunt you and force you to keep working when the body and mind are no longer robust.

23. See a doctor every year even if you think there's nothing wrong with you. See a dentist and an optician every 2 years. 

24. If all else fails, compare yourself to your car and care for yourself like a lambourghini. Because you are. 

Let's stop losing men to premature deaths. It is an alarming trend that needs to be reversed.

Sijui watu wafungue men's health clinics, coz men are under siege 

Dog breeding and training business in kenya

The dog business is slowly gaining popularity. I have got many inquiries on dog breeds, breeding and making money from the business. 

So what does it take to run the business?

For the real business-minded people, the idea of starting a dog breeding and training business in Kenya will sound like a heaven-sent gift. First, the business does not have seasonal fluctuations. Secondly, if you are really passionate about it you can even start with NO monetary capital. Thirdly, no formal training is required which means you can start as soon as you are ready to get going.

“I was lonely and poor. I noticed that our dog called Tusker followed me wherever I went. As insecurity was high in the village and people reared dogs to guard their homesteads, I started training Tusker and he shocked me with his intelligence,” says Wainaina.

Six years down the line, Wainaina has now relocated to Thika, where he owns a dog-training firm called ‘Wainaina’s Redemption’. He trains dogs and sells them to security firms, schools and companies. Each carnivore goes for as much as Sh.120,000.

In a month, he sell at least 10 dogs. With the average cost of one trained mature dog going for Sh.50,000, he can pocket Sh.500,000 a month. While starting a dog breeding business requires less capital than other ventures, there are some key pointers one should take note of.

You ought have interest in the project and love dogs.  There is also need to do proper research of the breed that suits your needs and to build a well-structured kennel.

Dog breeds can be large, medium and small breeds.

Dog breeds

The most popular breeds in Kenya are the German Shepherd, Rottweiler, English Springer Spaniel and Labrador Retriever. Lately the little ‘toy dogs’ such as the Maltese, Chihuaha and Pomeranian are coming into the market. 

When starting a dog-breeding venture; don’t just judge a dog by its looks.

Be updated on breed trends and conduct a feasibility study on the environment, location, lifestyle of your target market and importantly, the legal requirements for a dog breeding business.

There is also the need to ensure you have a file of the veterinary records of your dogs, especially the shots its already had and the dog’s registration paper.

Have all the dog’s documents, which include medical history, proof of registration, and other items up-to-date at all times. This is required for customers who expect proof of pedigree and some even ask for a picture and records of the mother.

Getting a rare colour like white and silver-grey or a champion breed sets you apart from the rest of the sellers.

Get Dog Trainers Training

Dog trainers training is offered on an apprentice basis and NO FORMAL TRAINING is required. Past experience in a dog training facility and the disciplined service e.g. ex-NYS or local security companies can be a big boost.

Do This Simple Market Survey

The reality of the market is that you need to go where the demand is high. Population density and dog-ownership percentages go hand-in-hand. A related consideration is that the demand for dog training services is high in urban areas than rural areas with Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, Embu, Nakuru and Thika towns topping the list.

Identify a Market Gap

It‘s very easy to see if your market has a gap to be filled. If you notice most trainers in the area are usually busy for weeks or even months ahead, it means demand for services currently exceeds supply and hence you can join in.

Remember, even if there is no gap in a market, you can still join in by adding a differentiating factor to your services. For instance, door-to-door services, boarding facilities or even free blog tips on dog care can significantly make you stand out.

Start With Few Puppies

If you want to become a breeder cum trainer, it goes without saying you will need to keep a few dogs. You can talk to other local breeders (the East Africa Kennel Club is a good reference point) so that you can book puppies with them. Good dog breeds include:

• Boxer

• Great Dane

• Labrador Retriever

• Rottweiler

• German Shepherd

• Golden Retriever

• Chihuahua

• Japanese Spitz

Build Kennels

As you wait for the puppies to be delivered, build a few kennels. For instance, you can start with 5 boarding kennels and 1 warm maternity kennel.

Get the Word Out

Print out a few brochures and drop a few batches at busy shops and agro-vets in your target area. Put your contacts up in one of the many free classified ads websites e.g jiji.co.ke. 

Also do a bit of social media sensitization. Create for you dogs a Facebook page, Instagram account and a TikTok account. Post some videos and pictures of your dogs and tell people on how they can reach you.

Services You Can Offer

Some of the services you can offer include:

Dog training services – obedience and aggressive training, potty training, guard dog training (Average Price: Ksh.30,000)

Dog breeding services – breed puppies and sell them after training (Average Price: Ksh.10,000 – Ksh.50,000)

Dog boarding services – when dog owners want to travel they can leave their dogs with you (Average Price: Ksh.500 per dog, per day).

How Much To Invest

If you are short of starting capital, you can start off as purely a freelance dog trainer and in that case you will not require any monetary capital, just sweat capital and a hustler‘s attitude. 

You can however consider widening your opportunities by venturing into the more lucrative dog breeding business.

Kennels – Ksh.20,000

Puppies – Ksh.100,000 (Pure breed)

Dog food – Ksh.10,000

Marketing – Ksh.10,000

City Council Dog License – Ksh.1,000 (Rate applicable in Nairobi City Only)   

Miscellaneous – Ksh.20,000  

Ideal Budget – Ksh.150,000 to Ksh.200,000.

How Much To Expect

On average, an established trainer and breeder makes between Ksh.100,000 to Ksh.500,000 per month.

Final Word

Contrary to popular opinion, starting a dog breeding and training business in Kenya isn’t that complicated. You only need to be passionate about the hustle and ready to do what it takes to get going. What’s stopping you?

As we always tell you, there’s no marathon race that has ever been won by those who did not start the race. If you like the idea discussed above and you have what it takes to actualize it…then don’t wait to start…just do it.

How to start a profitable bookshop business in kenya

When the Narc government took over in Kenya in 2003, free primary education in public primary schools was launched all over the country.

This increased the number of pupils attending schools countrywide. As a result of this, and in addition to the increasing number of private schools, adult readers, secondary and college students, the demand for books dramatically increased in the country. 

Though electronic books, audio books and digital magazines have come into use, many people still enjoy buying and reading traditional, printed books.

It is estimated that the government pays fees for more than 10 million pupils in primary schools and about 2.1 million students in secondary schools. 

A total of Sh.670 is budgeted for each primary school pupil to cater for textbooks, instructional materials and facilitation of internal examinations.

The demand for exercise books, text books and other stationery materials will therefore keep rising. 

This tells you that bookshops will remain viable businesses for many years to come. 

An entrepreneur can therefore greatly benefit by investing in a bookshop business. You can identify a niche market or stock a mixture of school books and other types.

Location

Book business has serious competition. Your location should therefore be in a place that is not already saturated with bookshops. 

Choose a place that has high human foot traffic. Make your bookshop business highly visible and accessible. 

Such places are mostly found in established busy shopping malls, busy residential shopping centers and areas with high economic activities

In a city like Nairobi, busy areas like River road, Tom Mboya Street, Accra Road, Latema Road, Commercial, and Tea Room are some of the strategic areas to locate a bookshop business in Kenya. 

In residential areas, it is better to operate from busy streets since these areas are frequented by large numbers of people all the time.

Other towns in Kenya also have busy sections that are suitable for a bookshop business in Kenya.

The size of your operating space will depend on your expected volume of business. It is more expensive to rent a big space therefore, clearly map out your demand and expected turnover before deciding on the size of room/premises to rent for your bookshop business. 

It will also depend on whether you may want to stock other stationery items such as office supplies.

Requirements

We have already talked about the space to operate your bookshop business. Other requirements will be the stock of books and shelves to stock them. 

Bookshelves should cost you roughly Sh.20,000. You will need a well-designed stocking system fully labelled to enable you easily find the books. 

You will also need an assistant who understands the books very well. 

You may need to make a catalogue of your stocks, divided into different categories, and complete with retail prices. This will help you and/or your assistant to easily locate any book that you need to sell.

Other requirements will be a single business permit from the county to legally operate your business.

Supplies

Before you buy from publishers, you will need to be a member of Kenya Booksellers and Stationers Association, therefore it is advisable to join this association. 

To join this association, visit their offices at Shankardass House on Moi Avenue with copies of your business license, ID and PIN. 

Annual fee is Sh.12,500 renewable at Sh.5,000 annually. Their year runs from October to October. Note this very carefully.

Primary and secondary school textbooks may form a big portion of your sales. It is therefore advisable to stock these books as a priority. 

With the numerous changes in our education syllabuses, as a bookshop owner, it will be in your interest to keep in close touch with the happenings in the Ministry of Education and the policies.

You should identify the fast moving books in the area where your bookshop is located. These should be the books to give priority as you stock. 

Apart from text books, other stationery items such as exercise books, pens, note books, geometrical sets and dictionaries also move fast.

Buying stock of books in bulk from these suppliers attracts good discounts. 

To minimize your costs and increase your profit margins, consider buying school textbooks books in bulk from the publishers. 

You should also buy exercise books and other supplies in bulk directly from the printers and other major stationery suppliers. 

If you are well established, publishers will be fighting over each other to deliver books to you, mostly on credit, which is payable once the books are sold.

Competition

Bookshop business has stiff competition. Apart from locating in a busy and accessible point, your bookshop business setup should also differentiate itself from competitors. 

Aggressive marketing will be crucial for survival.

If your bookshop will be located in Nairobi, you will be competing with major established players such as Book Point on Moi Avenue, Text Book Center on Kijabe Street, Sarit Center and other major malls, Svanis on Latema and many others in supermarkets and all over town.

You may need to reach out to clients instead of waiting for them to come to your bookshop. 

They may just go to your competitors since most books are standard; there is no recommended text book that can be said to be more superior. 

You may also stock a section for second hand books, both textbooks and novels. These have a higher margin than new books.

Try to lobby head teachers and school principals in the area and also use creative and innovative promotional efforts to draw attention to your bookshop.

Branding and careful pricing will also help you in keeping ahead of competition in this business. 

Stocking most recommended text books will also create loyalty among your clients and they will keep coming to you knowing that they will get the books or items they require. 

It will be your responsibility to attract and retain as many clients as possible.

Remember you will also be competing with many street vendors who sell text books on the pavements in major towns. These vendors may undercut you since some of them have low overheads, e.g they do not pay rent, electricity etc.

Pros

*No equipment to start

*Stocks are clearly defined.

*High demand for book exists.

*Does not require a very big space to start

Cons

May require high capital to stock depending on size

Frequent changes in syllabuses may affect demand

A bookshop business can be quite profitable especially on school opening season.

Some bookshops claim that they make almost 50% more during this time. 

You can target to make most of your profits for the year on these dates. 

Some of the street book vendors surveyed claimed to sell about 10 text books and 15 novels each day. 

Small and medium bookshops sell minimum of 35 books per day on average.

Margins of 15% and 35% are recorded if you purchase your stock in bulk directly from publishers.

As you have seen, a bookshop business in Kenya is simple to start although may need a higher amount of capital to fully stock.

Overcoming drought famine in Turkana

 

There are several ways to overcome the challenges of drought and famine in Turkana, Kenya. Some possible solotions include:

Developing irrigation systems: Irrigation can help to mitigate the effects of drought by provvding a reliable source of water for crops.

Implementing sustainable farming practices: Adopting conservation agriculture, crop rotation, and other sustainable farming practices can help to improve soil health and increase crop yields, even during periods of drought.

Diversifying livelihoods: Diversifying livelihoods through activitieess such as livestock rearing, beekeeping, and small business development can help to reduce dependence on a single crop and increase resilience to drought.

Building resilience to drought and famine through social protection measures: This can include cash transfers, food assistance, and other forms of support to help vulnerable households cope with the effects of drought and famine.

Investing in weather forecasting and early warning systems: This can help communities to prepare for and respond to droughts and famines.

Investing in water resource magement: This can include water harvesting, rainwater harvesting, and desalination.

It is important to note that the solution that would work best would likely be a combination of several of these strategies and also involve local communities, government and other stakeholders in the decision-making and implementation process.

Promoting reforestation and afforestation: Trees and vegetation play a crucial role in maintaining soil moisture and reducing the impact of drought. Reforestation and afforestation can also help to reduce soil erosion and increase carbon sequestration.

Investing in infrastructure: Building infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and water storage facilities can help to improve access to markets, water, and other resources, making it easier for communities to adapt to and recover from drought.

Promoting Climate-Smart Agriculture: This approach is an integrated approach to managing land, water, and biodiversity resources that addresses the interlinked chllenges of food security, climate change and sustainable development.

Building capacity of local communities: Building the capacity of local communities to manage their own resources and adapt to changing conditions can help to increase resilience and reduce dependence on external assistance.

It is important to note that the solution that would work best would likely be a combination of several of these strategies and also involve local communities, government, and other stakeholders in the decision-making and implementation process. It is also important to ensure that the solutions are sustainable and take into account the long-term effects of climate change on the region.

Investing in research and development: Investing in research and development to better understand the impacts of drought and famine in Turkana and to identify new and innovative solutions is crucial for building resilience in the long-term. This can include research on new crop varieties that are more drought-resistant and water-efficient, as well as research on the social, economic and environmental factors that contribte to drought and famine.

Encouraging and promoting community-based organations: Community-based organizations can play an important role in coordinating responses to drought and famine and in providing support to vulnerable households. Encouraging and promoting these organizations can help to build resilience at the community level.

Supporting local economic development: Supprting local economic development can help to create jobs and increase incomes, which can in turn help to reduce poverty and vulnerability to drought and famine.

Building disaster risk reduction and management system: Building disaster risk reduction and management systems can help to reduce the impact of drought and famine on communities, by preparing for and responding to these events more effectively.

It's important to remember that the solution to drought and famine in Turkana will be unique to the region, and will require a comprehensive and multi-faceted approach that takes into account the specific challenges and opportunities

How plucking mashines create unemployment in kericho estate

 

The use of modern plucking machines in tea estates can lead to unemploymnt, as these machines can often do the work of many people more efficiently. This can lead to a reduction in the number of workers needed on a tea estate, resulting in unemployment. The specipc impact on the Kericho tea estate would depend on the extent to which the machines are used and the number of workers that were previously employed there.

It's importnt to note that the implementation of modern plucking machines in a tea estate is not only affecting the employment rate but also the quality of the tea leafs. The machines are not able to select the best leaves like a human worker. Also, the machines can damge the plants, which can lead to reduced yields and lower quality tea. Additionally, the use of machines may also lead to increased costs for the tea estate, as the machines must be maintained and operated. This could potentially lead to higher prices for the tea.

It's also important to note that the unemployment caused by the use of plucking machines may disproportionately affect low-skilled workers, who may not have the educion or training necessary to operate the machines or to find alternative employment. This could lead to a widening of income inequality and social unrest.

However, it's also important to note that the use of machines can also have some positive effects. For example, they can incrise the efficiency and productivity of the tea estate, which could lead to increased profits and economic growth. Additionally, the use of machines can also lead to improvements in working conditions and safety for the workers who remain employed.

Overall, the impact of modern plucking machines on unemployment in the Kericho tea estate would depend on a variety of factors, including the extent to which the machines are used, the number of workers previously employed, and the availability of alternative employment opportunities.

I

t's also important to note that there are ways to mitigate the negative effects of modern plucking machines on unemployment. For example, the tea estate could invest in training programs to help workers acquire the skills needed to operate the machines or transition to other types of employment. The estate could also implent policies to ensure that the use of machines does not lead to a significant reduction in the number of workers employed.

Another way to mitigate the negative effects of the machines is to focus on sustainable and responsible tea production. For example, the estate could implement fair trade practices, which could help to ensure that workers are paid a fair wage and have access to good working conditions. The estate could also implement organic farming practices, which could help to reduce the negative impact of the machines on the enviroent.

In short, the use of modern plucking machines in the Kericho tea estate can lead to unemployment, but there are ways to mitigate the negative effects and even turn it into a positive outcome. It's important to consider the long-term impacts and to implement policies that promote sustainable and responsible tea production.

Jesus was not born on 25th , This is exact time Jesus was bornof December

 The date of December 25 is not referenced anywhere in the Bible as being the day that Jesus was born. The first followers of Christianity did not recogsed his birth as a significant event. By the middle of the fourth century, the celebrattn of the birthday had been relocated to the 25th of December. According to some sources, it was the pope, while others assert that it was not the pope.

According to this theory, the first connecon between the celebration of Jesus' birth and several pagan holidays was made in the 12th century. However, early Christian writers never even make a passing reference to any recent calendrical engineering; rather, they interpret the coincidence as a providential message. Around the year 200 A.D., when people first started talking about a date for Christmas, it was during a time when "Christians were not borrowing substantiy from pagan traditions."

A close examination of the Scriptures, on the other hand, makes it abundantly evident that the 25th of December is not a likely candidate for the birth of Christ. The following are the two most important reasons:

1. Shepherds were tending their flocks when Jesus was born (Luke 2:7-8).

The Interpreter's One-Volume Commentary says this line "argues against Christ's birth on Dec. 25" since it was too cold and rainy to keep cattle warm.

2. Jesus' parents registered for the Roman census in Bethlehem (Luke 2:1-4).

When temperatures dropped below freezing and roads were terrible, censuses weren't taken. A census would have been useless under those conditions. December 25th was a pagan compromise (William Walsh, The Story of Santa Klaus, 1970).

The majory of Christians, however, would come to celebrate Christmas on December 25, while the feast of the Epiphany would finally be celebrated on January 6. The time between formed the holiday season, which came to be known in subsequent years as the 12 days of Christmas.